宗教即信仰的神学时代——巴特自由主义神学时期宗教思想探究

Religion as Faith: A Study of Barth’s Religious Understanding in His Liberal Theological Phase

导言在卡尔·巴特对宗教的诸多神学批判中,最让人印象深刻的莫过于《教会教义学》(Kirchliche Dogmatik)第17章"上帝的启示即是对宗教的扬弃"(Gottes Offenbarung als Aufhebung der Religion)第二部分的标题“宗教即不信”(Religion ist Unglaube)这一判断。

In his liberal period Barth did not regard"religion"as an internal problem of theology;rather,from the perspective of his understanding of"modern theology,""theology"was a problem in"religion."In this article Barth’s religious understanding during his liberal phase is investigated through the genetical-historical method on the basis of his early theological works.As a follower of Schleiermacher at this point,Barth generally regarded the nature of religion as the inner experience of the individual,and"theology"as the external expression of the inner religious experience."Religion"and"faith"are not only the inner experience of the individual,but also an event,an action,a process of generation.This means that"religion"as a real relationship is not a subjective internal psychological activity,but a transcendental inner experience.Moreover,he also used this as a basis to explain the relationship between the universal"religious"experience and the special phenomenon of"Christianity".The basic starting points of Barth’s understanding of the concept of"religion"in his liberal period are"individuality","immanence"and"transcendence,"and the internal tension between these three characteristics is the reason that he later gave up the concept of"religion"in constructing his modern theology.