抗日战争时期中共军队无线通信技术的应用

Application of Wireless Communication Technologies in the CPC-Led Army during China’s Resistance War Against Japan

抗日战争时期,无线通信技术在中共军队的信息传输中居重要地位。设备、人员、制度、结构,是组成无线通信系统的基本要素。抗日战争初期,通过大量购买器材、培训人员、厘定制度,中共构建起由中央军委统领、以师级战略单位为核心节点、大体抵达团级单位的无线通信体系,基本满足其远程信息传输的需求;与此同时,则出现了报务和机要人员的技术水平不足、纪律意识薄弱,以及通信制度松弛、结构庞大等现象。随着通信需求的增加和外在压力的增强,中共军队的无线通信系统在安全和效率方面遇到严峻挑战。为此,中共中央一方面调整无线通信的结构、减少通信需求;另一方面,采取措施巩固通信制度,提升工作人员的技能、政治忠诚度和纪律意识。抗日战争后期,随着外在压力的降低,中共军队无线通信系统再次扩张。这表明,对于如何在既定的政治、经济和军事条件下应用无线通信技术,中共有较为精准的认知和把握。

Wireless Communication Technologies(WCT)were instrumental for information transmission within the CPC-LedArmy during China’s Resistance War against Japan.A wireless communication system is generally underpinned by relevantequipment,personnel,mechanisms and structures.At the beginning of the war,the CPC purchased a large amount ofequipment,trained competent personnel and introduced mechanisms in a bid to put in place a wireless communicationsystem,which was under the command of the Central Military Commission,linked all the division-level units and largelycovered the regiment level.Notwithstanding meeting the basic demands for long-distance information transmission,such asystem has long been beset with problems like incompetency and indiscipline of telegraph operators and cryptographers,slack operating rules and cumbersome organizations.Facing increasing information transmission demands and intensifiedexternal pressure,CPC’s wireless communication system was at the end of its rope both in terms of security and efficiency.Such a situation compelled the CPC Central Committee to make some necessary changes,including reforming theorganizational structure of the wireless communication system,restricting communication demands,and improving thecompetency,political loyalty and discipline of personnel.With the external pressure lessened at the late stage of the war,the WCT in the CPC-Led army expanded again.This is a testament to the CPC’s ability to appropriately apply the wirelesscommunication technologies under different political,economic and military situations.