民国时期的湖北水利行政与政府职能扩充

The Water Conservancy Administration of Hubei and the Functions Expansion of Provincial Governments During the Republic of China

民国时期,政府的行政职能不断扩充。以湖北水利行政而言,晚清时期湖北省政府开始设置专门的水利管理机构,负责部分堤防的建设,其职员往往不能专任其事。民国建立以后,省水利局的设置开始成为惯例。到南京国民政府建立后,省水利局一直隶属于省建设厅,地位不高。虽然一度直属于省政府,但到1931年水灾后机构却被撤销,原有事务完全交由隶属中央的江汉工程局负责。在这一过程中,由省水利局和江汉工程局直接负责的堤段范围逐步扩大,其派出机构也改为常设。可以说,民国时期湖北水利行政的变迁,既是政府职能不断扩充的过程,也是中央与地方不断博弈的过程。但水利机构在参与水灾后的以工代赈时,需与专管机构协同工作,其权力仍受到限制。

During the Republic of China,the administrative functions of provincial governments has continuously expanded.In terms of Hubei water conservancy administration,in the late Qing Dynasty,the Hubei Provincial Government began to set up a special water conservancy management agency to be responsible for some of the construction work of dikes,but its staff members were often unable to do their own work.After the establishment of the Republic of China,the establishment of the Provincial Water Resources Bureau began to become a practice.However,after the establishment of the N anjing N ational Government,the Provincial W ater Resources Bureau(湖北省水利局)has been affiliated to the Provincial Construction Department(湖北省建设厅),and its status is not high.Although it was directly under the provincial government,it was revoked after the floods in 1931,and the original affairs were completely handled by the Jianghan Engineering Bureau(江汉工程局)affiliated to the central government.In this process,the scope of the embankment directly under the responsibility of the Provincial Water Resources Bureau and the Jianghan Engineering Bureau has gradually expanded,and its dispatched institutions have became to be permanent institutions.It can be said that the process of change of water conservancy administration in Hubei during the Republic of China was not only a process of continuous expansion of government functions,but also a process of constant game between the central and local governments.However,when water conservancy agencies participated in the post-flooding work,they still have to coordinate with the specialized agencies,and the power was still restricted.