“一带一路”沿线国家绿色能源效率的收敛异质性、演化特征与提升路径

Convergence Heterogeneity,Evolution Characteristics and Improvement Path of Green Energy Efficiency in the Countries along the“Belt and Road”

加强对“一带一路”沿线区域的气候与环境治理是实现全球气候与环境目标的必然要求。本文在对“一带一路”沿线81个国家绿色能源效率进行测算和分解的基础上,对其收敛异质性、分布特征与内部流动性进行了识别和刻画。研究发现:(1)“一带一路”沿线国家整体能效水平在考察期内微弱上升,且主要依赖绿色技术进步驱动,中国贡献了能效增长的22%;(2)沿线国家形成2个收敛俱乐部,俱乐部间能效差距在考察期内持续扩大,技术效率改进不足是实现追赶的内在阻力;(3)资本要素对于效率跟随俱乐部而言仍然相对稀缺,劳动力投入过度问题在2个俱乐部内始终较为突出,高效率国家的引领效应十分明显;(4)沿线国家绿色能源效率分布具有很强的持久性,其中只有中国与拉脱维亚在考察期内实现了区间跃升,效率引领俱乐部存在“小群体”分化,有待进一步融合,而效率跟随俱乐部增长趋于停滞,形成两个“中等能效陷阱”。本文研究对于科学认识“一带一路”沿线各国绿色能源效率水平及其演进规律、探寻提升绿色能源效率的有效路径具有理论价值和实践意义。

Strengthening climate and environment governance in the areas along the“Belt and Road”is an inevitable requirement for achieving global climate and environment goals.Based on the measurement and decomposition of green energy efficiency in 81 countries along the“Belt and Road”,this paper identifies and discribles its convergence heterogeneity,distribution characteristics and internal liquidity.The results show that:(1)The overall energy efficiency level of 81 countries along the“Belt and Road”increases slightly during the study period,is mainly driven by the progress of green technology,China contributed 22%of the growth;(2)There are two clubs in 81 countries,the energy efficiency gap between two clubs continues to expand during the study period,and the lack of technical efficiency improvement is the internal resistance to catching up;(3)Capital factors are still relatively scarce for efficiency-following club,and the problem of over-input of labor is always prominent in the 2 clubs,and the spillover effect of high-efficiency countries is obvious;(4)There is“small group”differentiation in efficiency-leading club,members in which need to be further integration,China and Latvia have achieved a leap to the high efficiency countries during the study period,the growth of efficiency-following club tends to stagnate,forming two“medium energy efficiency traps”.This paper has important theoretical value and practical significance for scientifically understanding the level and evolution of green energy efficiency in the“Belt and Road”member countries and exploring effective ways to improve green energy efficiency.