明清以儒释耶的天主教上帝观

Contextualization of Catholic View of God through Confucianism in Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清以儒释耶的天主教上帝观,是天主教在华处境化的上帝观。该上帝观集中体现了明清天主教思想史之特征,表之为天主教一神信仰的排他性,始终贯穿于耶儒对话之中(超儒、排儒)。让我们清晰地看到西方中世纪的神学,是如何借用古希腊哲学,以其神学目的论割裂中国的道体论;以儒家礼制和儒家尚古之思,抨击“佛教传入中土的万物一体”(传教士对中国“万物一体”源头的曲解);并通过“因性而超性”(合儒以超儒)的传教思路,反转了士大夫“师夷以制夷”,“汇通而超胜”的初心(以中超西的中华民族的自我认同),让士大夫最终认同了由天主、道、理、数、势构成的一个全新的形上、形下之分梳,上帝作为最终所以然者,被置于中华的“道”“理”之上。

The Catholic view of God with the interpretation of Christianity in Confucianism in the Ming and Qing dynasties is the contextualization of Catholism in China.This view of God embodies the characteristics of Catholic ideological history in the Ming and Qing dynasties,and reflects the exclusivity of the Catholic monotheistic faith,which has always permeated the dialogue between Catholic and Confucianism(ultra-Confucianism,anti-Confucianism).This makes us clearly see how Western medieval theology separates Chinese Tao with its theological teleology and the help from ancient Greek philosophy,and attacks“the unity of all things introduced by Buddhism into Middle-Earth”(the missionary’s misinterpretation of the origin of“the unity of all things”in China)with Confucian rites and ancient Confucian thinking;And through the missionary thought of“supernature by nature”(combining Confucianism to transcend Confucianism),the original intention of the scholarofficials of“master the other to suppress the other”and“integration and supervictory”(the self-identity of the Chinese nation over West)were reversed.So the scholar-officials finally agreed with a new division of“Beyond and Under Form”composed of God,Tao,Li(Idea),number,and potential with God as the ultimate cause,which is above Chinese“Tao”and“idea”.