本质主义、伦理化和内在化——重思胡塞尔的现象学神学

Essentialism,Ethicalization and Internalization——Rethinking Husserl’s Phenomenological Theology

不同于某些误解,胡塞尔事实上很重视对宗教和神学的思考,意图通过现象学方法,建立某种理性的“逻各斯神学”,以及相应的上帝形象。胡塞尔主要通过目的论的思路通达上帝,其神学旨在把握具体宗教背后的本质结构,建立“唯一的普遍宗教”,同时又不否认这样的宗教和上帝具有历史性。上帝形象在他的文本中有数种不同的表现形式,但它们都与伦理考虑密切相关,彼此之间能够融合而非互斥。以此,本文反驳了黑尔德、毛尔等人对胡塞尔的批评,证明了胡塞尔的神学和上帝是可以现象学地得到辩护的。

Contrary to some misunderstandings,Husserl attaches great importance to the reflection on religion and theology,intending to establish a rational“Logos theology”and the corresponding images of God through phenomenological approaches.Husserl approached God mainly through teleological thinking,his theology aimed to grasp the essential structure behind specific religions and establish“the only universal religion”,without denying that such a religion and God possess historicity.The figure of God has several different manifestations in his text,but they are all closely related to ethical considerations and can be integrated rather than mutually exclusive with each other.With this,the paper refutes the criticisms against Husserl by Held and Mall among others,demonstrating that Husserl’s theology and God can be phenomenologically justified.