“整全的奥秘”——试析巴尔多禄茂生态神学思想的特点

“The Mystery of Integrity”:Characteristics of Patriarch Bartholomew’s Ecotheology

君士坦丁堡普世牧首巴尔多禄茂一世(Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew ofConstantinople)因其多年对生态事工的投入和贡献被国际媒体冠以“绿色牧首”(Green Patriarch)的称号。他的生态论述植根于东正教传统神学思想,将东正教的一些重要传统创造性地应用于现代生态学问题的讨论之中,进行了处境化的诠释,以及和普世价值的连接,呈现出别具一格的东正教生态神学思想特色,即“整全的奥秘性”。他所引用的东正教重要传统包括圣像(Icon)、礼仪(Liturgy)和苦修(Asceticism),其在生态学上的处境化应用体现在:一、将东正教整全奥秘性的圣像(Icon)视角引入自然观中,处理了自然的意义问题。其认为,圣像揭示了物质世界的重要性,以及人神物、此世和末世之间的整全关系,并呼吁将圣像视角作为人类看待和感知物质世界的新方式。二、以东正教宇宙性礼仪(Cosmic Liturgy)的整全奥秘神学应用于人类学,回答了人的身份和地位这一关键问题。东正教礼仪同样打破了时空的限制,提供人神物和解的场域,并使人的“(宇宙)祭司”身份和使命的实现成为可能。三、将东正教苦修主义(Asceticism)经验中的“整全奥秘观”应用于生态社会学之中,揭示了人类社会的公义和生态正义之间密不可分的关系。其认为苦修生活是对人类社会的个人中心主义和消费主义生活方式的反省和纠偏,同时也是人类对环境之罪应做的悔改、祈祷与补赎,是人类实践牺牲、自由、分享与爱,人神物共融的生活方式实验。

Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew of Constantinople has been named“Green Patriarch”by the international media for his many years of commitment and contribution to ecological ministry.Patriarch for his many years of commitment and contribution to ecological ministry.His ecological discourse is rooted in traditional Orthodox theology,and he has creatively applied some of the key traditions of Orthodoxy to modern ecological issues,with a contextualized interpretation and a connection to universal values,presenting a distinctive feature of Orthodox ecological theology,namely the“mystery of integrity”.The key Orthodox traditions he cites include Icon,Liturgy and Asceticism,and their situated application to ecology is reflected in the following:First,the Iconic perspective of the Orthodox mystery of integrity is introduced into the view of nature,addressing the question of the meaning of nature.It argues that icons reveal the importance of the material world and the integral relationship between human,divine and material,this world and the eschaton,and calls for an iconographic perspective as a new way of seeing and perceiving the material world for human beings.Second,the application to anthropology of the integral mystery theology of the Orthodox Cosmic Liturgy answers the crucial question of the identity and status of the human person.The Orthodox liturgy also breaks down the limits of space and time,providing a field for the reconciliation of human and divine beings and making possible the realisation of man’s identity and vocation as a“(cosmic)priest”.Thirdly,the application of the“integral mystery”of the Orthodox Ascetic experience to ecosociology reveals the inextricable relationship between human social justice and ecological justice.It sees ascetic life as a reflection and correction of the individualistic and consumerist lifestyle of human society,as well as a repentance,prayer and atonement for the sins of the environment,and as a way of life experiment in the practice of sacrifice,freedom,sharing and love,and the communion of man with God.