上帝一而三的奥秘——认信者圣马克西姆三一论探析

The mystery of God as Monad and Triad——A analysis of the trinitarian doctrine of St.Maximus the Confessor

在认信者圣马克西姆(St.Maximus the Confessor)的思想中,三一论教义作为他整个思想的基础,占据着极其重要的支配性地位。他将上帝自身归入否定神学,其丰富的内在生命的奥秘完全为理性思辨所不可就近。即使超越于万有的神性(Godhead)被颂赞为一(monadμον??)和三(triadτρι??),这也并非任何存有所理解的一和三。而基督徒对于上帝之三一的认知则是来自于神圣运动中的启示,从而认识上帝的一与三及其内在关系:完全的一,没有被位格分裂;完全的三,没有因为一而混合;三个神圣个体在一个神圣本性中完全的完整性和统一性都得到强调。三一上帝既作为内在的生命团契,又在神圣运动中开启了经世安排而活动于历史的过程中,并在与世界的关系中将他那永恒本性展现出来。三一上帝内在关系与模式之奥秘,既是基督奥秘的根源与依据,以及阐述和解释基督奥秘的方式;同时也是作为创造在运动中欲与爱的目标,以及实现创造与三一上帝真正和至福团契的方式。

In the thought of St.Maximus the Confessor,the doctrine of Trinity as the basis of his entire thought occupies an overarching position.He categorizes God himself into apophatic theology,and the mystery and fecundity of his immanent life is completely incomprehensible from rational speculation.Even if Godhead is hymned as monad(μονάς)and triad(τριάς),this is neither monad nor triad as understood by any being.And the Christian’s cognition of Triune God comes from the revelation in the divine movement,thus knowing the Unity and Trinity of God and its immanent relationship:the wholly one,without division by the Persons;the wholly three,without confusion in One,the complete integrity and unity of the three sacred individuals in a divine nature are emphasized.Triune God not only appears as an immanent life of community,but also acts in the process of history through his establishing the divine economy in the divine movement,and reveals his eternal nature in the relationship with the world.The mystery of Trinitarian immanent relationship and mode is both the root and basis of the mystery of Christ,and the way to elaborate and articulate the mystery of Christ.It is also the goal of creation’s desire and love in motion,and the way to fulfill the true and blissful fellowship between creation and Triune God.