冲突与善同:基督教与潮汕地方社会——以晚清至民初基督教在潮慈善救济活动为中心的考察

The Conflict of Belief and the Unify of the Charity Culture:Christianity and Chaoshan Local Society——A Study Centered on the Christian Charitable Rescue and Relief Activities of Chaoshan Area From the Late Qing Dynasty to the Beginning of the Republic of China

从晚清至民初历经八十多年的发展,潮汕地区已有一批稳定的基督教徒及较为完善的基督教慈善救济事业。在传教过程中,基督教同潮汕地区民间信仰产生了激烈的冲突与斗争,与此同时,二者又在慈善文化及理念中体现着同一性。由此,基督教同潮属民间善堂组织虽然在发展信众方面竞争共存,但亦在开展慈善救济活动中达到合作双赢的效果。从以服务传教为目的的慈善救济活动,到近代化范畴意义的教育、医疗、赈济、卫生等活动的转变,基督教开展的各项活动,推动了潮汕社会的近代化递变进程,同时也开启了基督教在潮汕社会从边缘走向中心的进路。

From the late Qing Dynasty to the beginning of the Republic of China,after more than 80 years of development,there had been a number of stable Christians and relatively complete Christian charities in Chaoshan area.Christianity whose mission is to spread the gospel of Christ,had a fierce conflict and struggle with the folk beliefs in Chaoshan area,but also tended to be the same in the charity culture and concept.Christian and non-governmental organizations of Shantang competed and coexisted in the development of believers,and cooperated and mutually beneficial in charity relief activities.The activities carried out by Christianity had a gradual influence on the modernization process of Chaoshan area.This process happened to be reflected in the transformation from the Christian charitable rescue and relief activities for the purpose of serving missionaries to the activities of education,medical treatment,relief,health and other activities in the scope of modernization.At the same time,it also opened the way for Christianity to move from the edge to the center in Chaoshan local society.