爱子到爱人——从社会生物学的亲缘利他看基督宗教中的父子关系隐喻

From Love My Son to Love a Person:A New Perspective on the Metaphor of Father and Son in Christianity from the Kin Altruism in Sociobiology

生物学和心理学的研究表明,父母对于子女的关心和照顾是一种"硬核的"亲缘利他行为,通过理性的力量或者认知性因素,这种亲缘利他可以扩展到远亲乃至无亲缘关系者。无独有偶,基督宗教也经常将上帝与人类的关系类比为父母与子女的关系,通过将自然科学的研究代入对基督宗教的理解中可以看出,宗教之爱与自然的亲情之爱具有一定程度的相似性,但同时也避免了亲情之爱或者陷入溺爱或者产生杀子行为的弊端。在此基础上,通过发掘基督宗教中爱的秩序以及收养的理念,一方面可以肯定父母对于子女的亲情之爱,另一方面也可以将这种利他的亲情之爱扩展到更多的无亲缘关系者身上,从而更有利于培养和塑造一种利他的社会型人格,带动建构一种利他性的和谐社会。

Biological and psychological studies show that parents’care is a kind of hard-core altruism.Via the power of reason or cognitive component,this kind of kin altruism could be expanded to distant relatives and non-relatives.Coincidentally,the relationship between God and mankind in Christianity is always drawn analogy with the relationship between parents and children.Through bringing the natural science research results in understanding of Christian ethics,we could see that there is some similarity between divine love and natural parental love.At the same time,the divine love also avoids the disadvantage of natural parental love which is spoiling or killing their children in some certain circumstances.On this basis,the order of love and the adoption idea in Christianity should be further explored.On the one hand the natural parental love should be affirmed;on the other hand the altruistic parental love should be expanded to non-relatives,thus nurturing a kind of altruistic personality and constituting an altruistic harmonious society.