以日为仇敌:卢沟桥事变后华北地区美国传教士的境遇及其对战争的观察

Treat Japan as an Enemy:A Study of American Missionaries’ Thoughts and Activities in North China after Marco Polo Bridge Incident

卢沟桥事变后,华北地区美国传教士亲历了战争的爆发,最终和中国民众同样沦为日本殖民统治下的一员。美国传教士在战争开始后并未撤离中国,而是留在了战区,并积极从事救助中国难民的工作。他们对于日本发动的侵略战争予以严厉谴责,部分传教士甚至主张以美国为首的西方国家应该出兵援助中国。日军在战争中犯下的暴行让传教士震惊,他们从基督教信仰和绝对和平主义的立场出发对此大加抨击。然而,对于中国民众和传教士所遭遇的暴行,教会却反对以暴易暴。沦陷区美国传教士的战争经历和言论显示了宗教信仰的独特作用,沦陷区的历史研究可以从基督教视角进行观察。

After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident,American missionaries in North China experienced the outbreak of the war and eventually became a member of the Japanese colonial rule with the Chinese people.American missionaries did not withdraw from China after the war,but they stayed in the theater and actively engaged in the work of helping Chinese refugees.They severely condemned the war of aggression launched by Japan.Some missionaries even advocated that the Western countries headed by the United States should send troops to assist China.The atrocities committed by the Japanese in the war shocked the missionaries,who attacked them from the Christian faith and absolute pacifism.However,for the atrocities experienced by the Chinese people and missionaries,the church is opposed to violence.The war experience and remarks of American missionaries in the enemyoccupied areas show the unique role of religious beliefs.The historical study of the enemy-occupied areas can be observed from the perspective of Christians.