俄罗斯东正教教堂的演进及反思

The Evolution of Russian Orthodox Churches and the Reflection on It

俄罗斯于988年从拜占庭接受了基督教,与此同时也引入了与基督教相关的艺术,如建筑、圣像、教堂诵唱等,这些艺术形式在俄罗斯这片土地上历经千年的发展,在不同的历史时期形成了自己的特色。本文以俄罗斯的东正教教堂为研究对象,介绍俄罗斯东正教堂的基本形制,梳理俄罗斯石质东正教教堂建筑风格的演进历史,理清俄罗斯木质东正教教堂的几种类型,并进一步分析俄罗斯东正教教堂结构特征的神学表达,透视俄罗斯东正教教堂风格演进中所折射出的"斯拉夫"与"欧洲"之争,以及解析石质东正教教堂和木质东正教教堂两者的相互关系。

Russia accepted Christianity from Byzantium in 988,and at the same time learned from Byzantium Christian art,such as architecture,icons,church singing,etc.These art forms have developed over a thousand years in Russia,and have formed their own characteristics in different historical periods.This paper takes the Russian orthodox churches as the research object,introduces the basic structural features of the Russian orthodox churches,sorts out the evolution of Russian stone orthodox churches,clarifies several types of Russian wooden orthodox churches,and further analyzes the theological thought contained in structural characteristics of Russian orthodox churches,the "Slavic"and "European"disputes reflected in the evolution of the Russian orthodox churches,as well as the relationship between the stone orthodox churches and the wooden orthodox churches.