学术传教思想与辅仁大学的兴起

The Thought of “Missionizing Christianity by Learning” and the Rise of Fu Jen University

学术传教是明清之际西方传教士的一种传教方法,即利用西方科学文化知识和中国传统文化,向上层人士传播天主教义理。民国初年,中国天主教徒知识分子马相伯、英敛之等发掘明清传教士学术及思想资源,将此与新式学校教育相结合,尤以辅仁大学的兴起为典范。作为大学之发轫,香山辅仁社所拟习题以培养教中子弟的国学素养为重;北京公教大学辅仁社进一步以发展中国固有之文化为务,招收教中教外子弟,提倡传教士与中国文人学者在教学与研究等领域的合作。在此过程中,学术传教的传统路径发生了现代转换,即通过培养克跻上等社会之人才以广扬圣教,并以大学为学术研究和传播的主要场所,学术的内涵也发生变化。学术传教成为辅仁大学兴起阶段的重要思想资源,并开创了这所天主教大学与其他教会大学有别的重人文学科、强调国学的整体风格。

Missionizing Christianity by learaingis a missionary method of western missionaries during the Ming and Qing dynasties.They successfully spread Catholicism to the upper class by learning western knowledge and traditional Chinese culture.In the early Republican period,the Chinese catholic intellectuals Ma xiang-bo and YingLien-chih explored the academic and ideological resources of the missionaries during the Ming and Qing dynasties,combining which with modem school education,especially in the rise of Fu Jen university.As a prototype of the university,Hsiangshan Fu Jen She was established to cultivate the Chinese literacy of the young Catholic clergy;Fu Jen She affiliated to Catholic University was later built to develop Chinese traditional culture,recruited secular students as well as Catholic students,advocated the cooperation between missionaries and Chinese scholars in the fields of teaching and research.There was a modem transformation of the conventional path of missionizing Christianity by leaming,namely sowing the good seed by cultivating the upper class,taking university as a major place of academic research and communication.The academic connotation also changed in this period.Missionizing Christianityby leaming became an important ideological resource for the rise of the university,also initiated the emphasis on liber alarts and the studies on sinology in this Catholic university distinct from other Christian universities.