从“神秘神学”到“宗教经验”——基督教“神秘主义”的概念变迁

From “Mystical Theology” to “Religious Experience”:Reflection on the Concept of Christian Mysticism

"神秘主义"是一个现代范畴。但就基督宗教的核心教理、信仰生活和灵修经典所包含的神秘维度而言,可以讨论一个基督教的神秘主义传统。"神秘主义"的概念历史因而包含了从基督教的"神秘神学"向"神秘体验"直至跨宗教的"宗教经验"的迁移。"神秘主义"的概念不仅在某种程度上反向构造了基督教的神秘主义传统,就其被视为宗教的"本质"或"共同核心"来说,在过去的大半个世纪中影响了宗教学的核心理论及研究方法并同时不断经历挑战和改变。

While"mysticism"has been established as a modern term,it is possible for us to discuss Christian mysticism as the mystical dimensions of Christian life in all its aspects.The history of the understanding of"mysticism"thus entails an evolvement from the distinctly Christian idea of"mystical theology"and subsequently that of"mystical experience"to the idea of"religious experience",which since the early 20 th century has become cross-religiously applicable.To the point that"mysticism"continues to be hypothesized by some as the essence or"common core"of religions,its meaning and analytical validity stays contested in the central debates on the theories and methods in the study of religion and religions.