某燃煤电厂除尘器结构的可靠性鉴定

Reliability evaluation of the dust collector structure in a coal-fired power plant

随着国家环保力度的不断加大,除尘器在电力、冶金、有色、石化等工业领域得到广泛应用。随着除尘器的大量使用,相继出现一些问题,甚至造成严重的事故,影响企业生产。据统计,已经发生过多起除尘器灰斗掉落、立柱压弯、墙板吸瘪等事故,尤其是近两年接连发生的多起电除尘器整体坍塌事故,造成重大人员伤亡。基于某实际工程案例,对某电厂除尘器结构进行可靠性鉴定,分析该电厂除尘器结构混凝土支架梁开裂原因并给出处理建议。通过现场检测及计算分析,得出该除尘器底部混凝土支架梁端部出现斜向剪切裂缝是由于壳体柱单肢支承于框架梁上,在除尘器负压工况下,该梁在壳体柱肢作用点处承受较大集中荷载作用,造成抗剪承载力不足,导致梁端部出现斜向剪切裂缝。该裂缝呈脆性破坏特征,存在较大安全隐患,应立即采取加固处理措施,并给出了相应的处理建议。

With the increasing emphasis on environmental protection in the country,dust collectors have been widely used in industries such as power,metallurgy,nonferrous metals,and petrochemicals.With the extensive use of dust collectors,some problems have emerged,causing serious accidents and affecting business production.According to statistics,there have been many accidents involving dust collector ash hoppers falling,column bending,and wall panel suction,especially in the past several years,there have been multiple incidents of entire collapse of electric dust collectors,causing major casualties.Based on an actual engineering case,this paper conducts reliability evaluation of the structure of a dust collector in a power plant,analyses the cause of crackling of the concrete support beam of the dust collector structure,it is found that the oblique shear crack at the end of the concrete support beam at the bottom of the dust collector is caused by the casing column being single-leg supported on the frame beam.Under the negative pressure condition of the dust collector,the beam bears a large concentrated load at the action point of the casing column,resulting in insufficient shear bearing capacity,causing oblique shear cracks at the end of the beam.The crack exhibit brittle fracture characteristics and pose major safety hazards.Therefore,reinforcement measures should be taken immediately,and corresponding treatment recommendations are provided.