装配整体式混凝土框架结构预制技术浅析

Analysis on prefabrication technology of monolithic precast concrete frame structure

装配整体式混凝土框架结构拆分时大多采用柱、板预制,梁现浇方案,围护墙拆分为易于吊运的小块墙板。这导致施工时必须搭设大量支撑架体和模板,逐块拼装小型围护墙,不能实现装配式项目快速建造需求。通过采用系统集成的方法综合考虑设计、生产、施工各环节,发现装配式框架结构应当带梁预制,实现预制梁、板免支撑,采用大型预制围护墙板,并通过北货运区航空加油站工程生产值班用房项目进行实践。对此项目的各项预制技术进行了阐述,简介预制构件大致施工流程和预制构件平面布置要求,具体分析预制柱、预制梁、预制梁柱节点处理、预制大型围护墙的技术重难点,详解预制梁、板免支撑安装技术和其计算分析,并针对项目的不足之处提出了改进措施。这些技术的成功应用体现出装配整体式混凝土框架结构工期短、施工现场整洁、污染少的优势。

Precast column,precast slab and cast-in-situ beam are mostly used for the disassembly of assembled integral concrete frame structure,and the enclosure wall is divided into small wallboards that are easy to lift.As a result,a large number of support frames and templates must be erected during construction,and small enclosure walls must be assembled block by block,which can not meet the needs of rapid construction of prefabricated projects.By adopting the method of system integration and comprehensively considering all links of design,production and construction,it is found that the prefabricated frame structure should be prefabricated with beams to realize that the prefabricated beams and plates are free of support,and the large prefabricated enclosure wallboard is adopted.The practice is carried out through the production duty room project of the aviation gas station project in the North cargo area.This paper expounds various prefabrication technologies of this project,briefly introduces the general construction process of prefabricated components and the plane layout requirements of prefabricated components,specifically analyzes the technical key and difficult points of prefabricated columns,prefabricated beams,prefabricated beam column joint treatment and prefabrication of large enclosure walls,and explains in detail the support free installation technology of prefabricated beams and plates and their calculation and analysis.The improvement measures are put forward according to the shortcomings of the project.The successful application of these technologies reflects the advantages of short construction period,clean construction site and less pollution of assembled integral concrete frame structure.