英国煤溪谷铸铁拱桥建造与运维研究

A study of the construction and operation and maintenance of the Coalbrookdale Cast Iron Arch Bridge in the UK

1779年建成的煤溪谷铁桥是世界上现存的最古老的铸铁拱桥,数百年来该桥保持运营,是现代钢桥的奠基工程,同时被称为英国工业革命的重要遗迹。为研究煤溪谷铁桥的修建与运维情况,基于既有资料,在提取出有效信息后,从工程背景、结构设计与建造、服役情况及后续影响等方面对该桥进行介绍并作出总结。结果表明,在缺乏铸铁桥梁的设计理论和施工方法的条件下,煤溪谷铁桥是首次采用铸铁材料建造而成的桥梁。在设计上该桥为格构拱桥的形式,建造上采用传统的木桥和石桥的施工技术,多年来进行维修和加固,该桥在研究铸铁拱桥建造上具有代表性。煤溪谷铁桥在建筑材料,结构设计与施工和运维技术方法上推动了钢拱桥的发展与应用,对钢桥的发展具有里程碑意义。

The Coalbrookdale Cast Iron Arch Bridge, completed in 1779, is the world’s oldest surviving cast iron arch bridge, which has remained in operation for hundreds of years and is the founding project of the modern steel bridge,while being known as an important relic of the British Industrial Revolution. In order to study the construction and operation and maintenance of the Coalbrookdale Iron Bridge, based on the existing data, after extracting valid information,the bridge is introduced and summarized in terms of engineering background, structural design and construction, service conditions and subsequent impacts. The results show that Coalbrookdale Iron Bridge is the first bridge built with cast iron materials in the absence of design theory and construction methods for cast iron bridges. The bridge was designed as a lattice arch bridge, constructed using traditional construction techniques of wooden and stone bridges, and repaired and strengthened over the years, and is representative of the study of cast iron arch bridge construction. The Coalbrookdale Iron Bridge is a milestone in the development and application of steel arch bridges in terms of construction materials,structural design and construction, and technical methods of operation and maintenance.