建筑膜材力学性能试验研究综述

Summary of experimental research on mechanical properties of architectural membrane

膜材是充气膜结构的主要材料,起到密封以及承载的作用,强度指标和弹性常数是其最为重要的力学性能特征量,目前国内尚未制定专门针对建筑膜材力学性能的试验测试标准。从常用的建筑膜材出发,综述了目前国内外针对PVC、PTFE以及ETFE膜材力学性能的测试方法,目前国内外多用单轴拉伸试验和双轴拉伸试验进行测定,但单轴试验应用更广泛,在实验室实现理想的双轴应力破坏目前很难实现。其中PVC和PTFE都属于涂层类织物膜材,国内外学者经常同时进行试验研究对比分析其力学性能。本文在深入分析前人研究的基础之上,对建筑膜材力学性能试验研究现状进行了梳理和归纳,针对仍存在待解决的有关建筑膜材面外力学性能、撕裂强度、本构方程等方面的问题进行了思考和展望。

Membrane is the main material of the inflatable membrane structure,which plays a role of sealing and bearing.The strength index and elastic constant are the most important mechanical properties.At present,there is no specific test standard for the mechanical properties of architectural membranes in China.Starting from the commonly used architectural membrane materials,the current domestic and foreign testing methods for the mechanical properties of PVC,PTFE and ETFE membrane materials are reviewed.At present,uniaxial tensile test and biaxial tensile test are mostly used at home and abroad,but uniaxial test is more widely used,and it is difficult to achieve ideal biaxial stress failure in the laboratory.Both PVC and PTFE are coated fabric membrane materials,and scholars at home and abroad often conduct experiments and comparative analysis of their mechanical properties at the same time.Based on the in-depth analysis of previous studies,this article combs and summarizes the current research status of the mechanical properties of architectural membranes,considering and looking forward to the problems still to be solved about the out-of-plane mechanical properties,tearing strength,and constitutive equations of architectural membranes.