郑州市流动儿童社会适应力与父母教养方式的相关性研究

Association between social adaption and parenting style in migrant children

目的探究郑州市流动儿童父母教养方式与社会适应力的相关性。方法于2017年6月—2018年5月抽取郑州市金水区、高新区和二七区451名中小学生,采用整群随机抽样的方法,其中流动儿童234人,郑州市儿童217人,对受试者用社会适应力调查表、父母教养方式评价量表进行评估。结果(1)社会适应力比较:在应急反应能力、挫折承受能力及人际交往能力方面,城市儿童得分显著高于流动儿童,t值分别为(1.392,1.247,1.237),P值为(0.002,0.002,0.006);而在独立生活能力方面,城市儿童得分低于流动儿童,t=-1.812,P=0.021;总分比较,郑州市城市儿童社会适应力得分显著高于流动儿童,t=0.938,P=0.000。(2)郑州市儿童组在父亲情感温暖、母亲情感温暖及母亲偏爱被试因子上得分高于流动儿童,t值分别为(4.281,4.788,4.077),P值为(0.000,0.000,0.000)。此外,城市儿童组在父亲过分干涉因子上得分高于流动儿童,t=2.771,P=0.029。(3)在流动儿童的社会适应力与父母养育方式的相关分析中,父情感温暖、母情感温暖与社会适应力总分呈显著正相关:(r=0.167,r=0.176),(P=0.025,P=0.019);父过分干涉、父偏爱被试、父过度保护、母惩罚、严厉、母过分干涉与社会适应总分呈负相关:(r=-0.187,r=-0.157,r=-0.146,r=-0.126,r=-0.106),(P=0.016,P=0.029,P=0.033,P=0.038,P=0.041)。结论父母对孩子积极的教养方式:较多的温暖、关心、赞同等,会显著提高流动儿童的社会适应力。

Objective To explore the relationship between the social adaption and parenting style in migrant children.Methods Using a cluster random sampling method,234 migrant children and 217 urban children in Zhengzhou were selected,all the subjects were accepted the children’s social adaptability questionnaire and Egna Minnen Betraffande Uppfostran.Results(1)The urban children had significantly higher scores of interpersonal skills,the emergency response capability,frustration tolerance and total scores on the children’s social adaptability questionnaire,than that in migrant children(t=1.237,1.392,1.247,P=0.006,0.002,0.002).But on the independent life ability,the urban children had significantlylower scores than migrant children(t=-1.812,P=0.021).(2)The urban children had significantly higher scores on father emotional warmth,mather emotional warmth,mother favouring subjects,than that in migrant children(t=4.281,4.788,4.077),P=0.000,0.000,0.000).At the same time,the urban children had higher scores on father excessive intervention than that in migrant children(t=2.771,P=0.029).(3)Father emotional warmth,mather emotional warmth were positively correlated with social adaptability in migrant children(r=0.167,0.176,P=0.025,0.019).Father excessive intervention,father favouring subjects,father overprotection,mother severe punishment and mother excessive intervention were negatively correlated with social adaptability in migrant children(r=-0.187,-0.157,-0.146,-0.126,-0.106;P=0.016,0.029,0.033,0.038,0.041).Conclusion Warming,caring and agreed children will improve the social adaptability in migrant children.