东北官话“咱们”的排除性指称模式——兼谈可辨识指标在人称范畴上的体现

The Exclusive Reference Mode of"Zánmen(咱们)"in Northeast Mandarin:The Identifiability Index in Person Category

和大多数北方官话一样,东北官话在人称包括性方面具有排除—包括的区别。但东北官话的包括式代词"咱们"可用于表达排除性的语义,即"咱们"可以表达[1+3]人称指称模式。然而,"咱们"并不能等同于真正排除式"我们"。具体说,只要使用"咱们",则无论人称包括性如何,都必须遵循一个基本限制:即说出"咱们"的说话者必须同时确信听话者能够清楚辨识这个"咱们"表达集合中的每个个体,也即"咱们"所指必须具有个体指称上的"可辨识性",否则只能使用"我们"。这说明,东北官话中"咱们"尽管在人称直指层面可以失去包括性,在社会直指层面可以失去同盟性,但指称的可辨识意义上,仍然具有一定的包括性,即必须考虑听话者对于其所指的高辨识性。

Like most Northern Mandarins,Northeast Mandarin has the distinction between exclusivtiy and inclusivity in terms of person clusivity.However,"zánmen(咱们)"in Northeast Mandarin can be used to show"exclusivity",that is to say,"zánmen(咱们)"can be used in the circumstance of denoting the[1+3]personal reference mode.However,as long as"zánmen(咱们)"is used,one basic limit must be followed,that is,the speaker must be convinced that the hearer is able to identify each individual denoteded by"zánmen(咱们)"regardless of the person clusivity,which means"zánmen(咱们)"must have the identifiability of the individual reference.Otherwise,"wǒmen(我们)"must be adopted under such circumstance.This shows though"zánmen(咱们)"in Northeast Mandarin may lose its inclusivity at the level of person deixis and its solidarity at the level of social deixis,it still has a certain inclusivity in the sense of identifiability of the reference,that is,the listener’s high identifiability of the reference must be taken into consideration.