從古文字資料看“宜”“義”等字音義功能的歷時演變

Study on the Diachronic Evolution of Language Recording Functions of“Yi”(宜)and“Yi”(義)by using Ancient Script Materials

商代文字使用“宜”表示與“宜餚”相關的{宜},用“我”“娥”等字表示與“適宜”義相關之{宜};西周金文改用“義”表示適宜之{宜}和“威儀”之{儀},“宜”字則沿襲商代用法;春秋戰國時期,由於祭祀制度發生了變化,“宜”字的功能也隨之改變,開始用於表示適宜之{宜},“宜”“義”二字的功能混同。戰國後期開始,秦文字基本固定以“宜”表適宜之{宜},以“義”表示{義}和{儀},這也成爲後世用字習慣的來源。弄清“宜”“義”等字音義功能的歷時演變情况,對我們釋讀出土文獻、判斷文本來源是有幫助的。

In the Shang Dynasty,the character“Yi”(宜)was used to represent the words{宜}which related to the meaning“宜餚”,and the characters such as“我”and“娥”were used to represent the words{宜}which related to the meaning“适宜”The Western Zhou Dynasty used the word“Yi”(義)to represent{宜}_(透宜)and{儀},and the usage of the character“Yi”(宜)remained unchanged.During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period,due to the change of sacrificial system,the function of“Yi”(宜)also changed to be used to represent{宜}_(适宜).Since the late Warring States Period,Yi(宜)has been fixedly used to represent{宜}_(通宜),and“Yi”(義)has been fixedly used to represent{義}and{儀}in the Qin script.This became the source of the habits of using these two characters later.