日本俗字初探

An Exploratory Survey of the Graphic Variants Used in Japan

本文在江户時代日本學者研究的基礎上對“日本俗字(倭俗字)”展開初步研究。首先對“日本俗字”進行再定義,排除了純“國字”,因爲它們是全新的原創漢字,没有“正字”可對應。日本俗字指在長期的漢字使用過程中產生,經日本人之筆改造漢字而成,不見於漢傳俗字家族中的俗字。關於日本俗字研究,筆者提出了需注意的兩點:其一爲研究資料;其二是要了解日本漢字發展的歷史背景。關於後者,筆者也提出兩點:其一“和樣書道”對日本俗字的產生有一定影響,其二日本人對漢字的接受與認知也是“倭俗字”產生的重要因素。

This paper examines the variant Chinese characters used in Japan.On the basis of the past researches,the paper redefines the so-called nihon(no)zokuji“日本俗字”(demotic characters used in Japan)as follows:they refer to the Chinese characters which after introduced to Japan developed by the hands of the Japanese literati,excluding genuine kokuji“國字”(characters made in Japan)and kanden zokuji“漠傅俗字”(demotic characters transmitted from China).The paper also discusses the research materials on the Japanese demotic characters,drawing particular attention to two points:one is a considerable amount of influence the wayo shodo“和樣書道”(calligraphy Japanese style)imparted to the generation of the Japanese demotic characters,and another forms the initial causes for the generation of certain wazokuji“倭俗字”(demotic characters used in ancient Japan)when the Japanese adopted the Chinese characters under certain cognitive consciousness.