《朱子語類》中的“把個”句

A Study of Ba Ge(把個)sentence in Zhuzi Yulei

“把個”句最早出現于《朱子語類》中,作爲“把”字句的一個小類,它在句法特徵、語義、語用功能等方面都有自己的特點。它與同樣最早見于《朱子語類》的“把一個”句在句法特徵、表意等方面旣有相同之處,又存在差異;其中差異的關鍵在于“個”是量詞還是助詞。同時,“把個”句的存在讓“把”字句原本居于謂語動詞部分的焦點轉移到“個”之後,且主觀性和構式壓制對“把個”句的語義、句法方面也有諸多影響。隨着“把”“個”等的逐步虚化,該類句式又衍生出多種搭配、用法,兩種句式的差距也愈來愈大。

The Ba Ge(把個)sentence first appeared in Zhuzi Yulei.As a subcategory of the Ba sentence,it has its own characteristics in terms of structural characteristics,semantics,syntax,and pragmatic functions.It has similarities and differences with the Ba Yi Ge(把一個)sentence,which was also first found in Zhuzi Yulei,in terms of structural features and meanings.The key to the difference is whether Ge(個)is a quantifier or an auxiliary word.At the same time,The existence of the Ba Ge(把個)sentence makes the Ba(把)sentence originally located in the predicate verb part to shift the focus to Ge(個),and the subjectivity and constructional suppression also have many influences on the semantics and syntax of the Ba Ge(把個)sentence.With the gradual blurring of Ba(把)and Ge(個),this type of sentence pattern has derived a variety of collocations and usages,and the gap between the two sentence patterns has become larger and larger.