論出土通假材料對古音研究之價值——基于祭部分合的思考

On the Value of Interchangeable Characters in Unearthed Documents to the Study of Archaic Chinese Phonology——Thinking Based on Separation and Combination of Jibu(祭部)

古韻分部是上古音研究的核心。清儒沿流溯源,多據先秦韻文和諧聲系統考究古韻分合,筆者另闢蹊徑在“數目有限”的韻語材料和“寬泛疏簡”的諧聲系列外,選擇出土通假作系統參證。文章綜合運用通假集證法和統計法來判定上古祭部與其他韻部的關係,認爲祭部和脂部分立基本定型,祭部和月部合併具有明顯優勢。同時,祭部和月部的古音通假也爲上古聲調“長入説”提供了數據支持,有助于進一步完善整個上古音系統。

The division of archaic rhymes is the core of the study of archaic Chinese phonology.Tracing their origins along the stream,the Confucian scholars of the Qing Dynasty mainly studied the separation and combination of ancient rhymes according to Pre-Qin(秦)Verses and the system of the Chinese partial tone.In addition to a limited number of rhyming materials and a wide range of Chinese partial tones,the author chooses interchangeable characters in unearthed documents as a systematic reference.By the collection of interchangeable characters and statistics,this paper can judge the relationship between Jibu(祭部)and other rhyme categories in ancient times.It is concluded that the separation of Jibu(祭部)and Zhibu(脂部)are basically finalized.And the combination of Jibu(祭部)and Yebu(月部)has obvious advantages.At the same time,the interchangeable characters of Jibu(祭部)and Yebu(月部)also provide data support for the long entering tones,which is conducive to further improve the whole ancient rhyme system.