清代滿蒙漢合璧文獻中的“巴結”

"Bajie(巴結)" in Manchu-Mongolian-Chinese Combined Literature of Qing Dynasty

現代漢語中“巴結”多用作動詞,表示“奉承、討好”之義。近代漢語文獻尤其是清代滿蒙漢合璧文獻中“巴結”的義項更爲豐富。本文重點描寫清代滿蒙漢合璧文獻中“巴結”的意義與分布情况,分析該詞在不同文獻中的滿、蒙語對應,通過對應進一步確定其意義。經考察發現,滿蒙漢合璧文獻中的“巴結”以“辛苦、操勞”“努力”義爲主,没有出現“奉承、討好”義的用例,這種情况與部分北方方言類似。本文結合清代其他漢語文獻分析“巴結”的意義及發展,進一步分析“巴結”在清末民初的使用特點,并探討其在滿蒙漢合璧文獻中的義項使用上呈現出傾向性的原因。

In modern Chinese,"bajie(巴結)"is mostly used as a verb to mean“to flatter or please",while in modern Chinese,bajie(巴結)has a rich meaning and is used in the same way as in some dialects of Shandong.This paper focuses on the meaning and distribution of the word"bajie(巴結)"in the Manchu-MongolianChinese combined literature of the Qing Dynasty,analyzing the Manchu and Mongolian equivalents of the word in different documents and further determining its meaning through correspondence.It is found that"bajie(巴結)"in the Qing Dynasty Manchu-Mongolian-Chinese combined literature does not have the meaning of"to flatter or pleasew"but rather"to work hard or be busy",which is similar to the usage in some dialects of Shandong.This paper further analyses the meaning and development of"bajie(巴結)"in relation to other Chinese documents of the Qing Dynasty,and discusses the tendency of the use of"bajie(巴結)"in the Manchu-Mongolian-Chinese combined literature.