句法性構式“V_(1)多少V_(2)多少”的來源及句法創新

Source and Innovation of the Syntactic Construction "V_(1) Duoshao V_(2) Duoshao"

"V_(1)多少V_(2)多少"的核心意義是按照實際量或任意量對某一事物進行處置。最早出現於明代,到了清代有了較大發展。從語法化過程來看,從最初表示兩個相對自由的並列關係句發展成爲具有事理邏1的順承關係句,最後再形成一個不可分割的結構。具有順承、條件關係的前後分句結構相同以及賓語中心語語義同指是促發結構緊縮的誘因,句法成分的省略和句法結構的緊縮是"V_(1)多少V_(2)多少"形成的主要機制。結構相同的同賓雙小句的省略與緊縮也會導致句法創新。在口語中"V_(1)多少V_(2)多少"語速、重音的不同會使語義發生很大的變化。具體來說,當"少"不輕讀時,表示V_(2)按照"多少"的實際量對事物進行處置;當"少"輕讀時,表示V_(2)按"多少"的無限量對事物進行處置,具有明顯的非現實性和誇張意味,帶有主觀性。在書面語中,則要結合語境來體會這一結構的具體意義。具體使用中,還會有很多變式,表達不同的結構意義。

To express the actual amount or any amount is the core meaning of construction V_(1) duoshao V_(2) duoshao".The construction V_(1) duoshao V_(2) duoshao"appeared in Ming dynasty,and developed quickly in Qing dynasty.From the perspective of grammaticalization,"V_(1) duoshao V_(2) duoshao",at first,expressed the simple coordinating relation between two relatively free sentences;then "V_(1) duoshao V_(2) duoshao " expressed the precedence relationship between two sentences,and finally turned into an indivisible structure.The similarity in structure of two clauses expressing the precedence relationship and the conditional relation ship and the identical meaning of two object centers are the precipitating factors.Meanwhile,the omission of syntactic components and the compression of the syntactic structure is the main mechanism of the formation of "V_(1) duoshao V_(2) duoshao",so the omission and compression of two clauses with similar structure and identical object lead to the syntactic innovation.In the spoken Chinese,the meanings of "V_(1) duoshao V_(2) duoshao" vary greatly according to different speech speeds and accents.Specifically,"V_(1) duoshao V_(2) duoshao " expresses the actual amount without the accent of "shao" and any amount with the accent of "shao".When "V_(1) duoshao V_(2) duoshao" expresses any amount,the strong subjectivity and fabulosity are expressed.In written Chinese,the expressed meanings of "V_(1) duoshao V_(2) duoshao" vary from context to context,and many variants of "V_(1) duoshao V_(2) duoshao" appear in the specific use of the construction and express different meanings.