詞彙類型學視域下漢語“軟”語義場的歷史演變

Lexical Typological Perspectives on the Historical Evolution of Chinese SOFT Semantic Field

借鑒莫斯科詞彙類型學小組(MLexT)的理論框架和研究方法,將定名學和符意學兩個視角相結合,考察了漢語"軟"語義場的歷史演變情況:其一,採用基於語義框架的方法考察了不同歷史時期語義場内部結構的變化,發現漢語該語義場的歷時詞彙化策略具有跨語言的共性,利用歷史文獻考察出來的詞彙系統具有非均質性的特徵;其二,比較了漢語該語義場成員歷時語義擴展模式的跨語言共性與個性。

Based on the theoretical framework of the Moscow Lexical Typology Group,this paper examines the historical evolution of Chinese SOFT domain from both the semasiological perspective and the onomasiological perspective.On the one hand,this paper investigates the changes of the structure of SOFT semantic field in different historical periods using the frame-based approach,and discusses the universalities of the diachronic lexicalization strategies of Chinese HARD concepts.It is found that compared with natural language,the diachronic lexical systems studies using historical documents is heterogeneous.On the other hand,this paper compares the cross-linguistic commonalities and personalities of the diachronic semantic extension patterns of SOFT semantic field in Chinese,and explores the internal relevance between the basic meaning and extended meanings of words.