摘要
"死"是表消失義的存現動詞,在《國語》中作爲謂語動詞使用,共96見。對《國語》中謂語動詞"死"的句法功能及其所涉名詞性語義角色的窮盡性考察表明:謂語動詞"死"主要充當謂語、謂語中心語和述賓結構中的述語,其所涉語義角色主要有當事、對象、目的、處所、原因等,語義角色及其所在句法成分的分佈關係既有趨向性特徵,也有多樣性表現;歷代對《國語》中與"死"有關疑難語句的歧解與"死"所涉語義角色的不同理解有關,立足語境、歷史事實以及不同文獻的比較,可以得出合理的解釋;《國語》中的"死吾君"可以爲"王冕死了父親"句式的發展演變提供溯源材料。
"Si"is a kind of verb which shows the meaning of disappearance.It is used as a predicate verb in Guoyu.There are 96 points in it.This paper makes an exhaustive study on the syntactic function of the predicate verb"si"in Guoyu and the semantic role of its part of speech.It is found that the predicate verb"si"mainly acts as the predicate,the center of the predicate and the predicate following the object.Its semantic role mainly includes the agentive,the objective,the purpose,the place,and the reason.The distribution of the semantic role and its syntactic components has the characteristics of tendency,but also diversity.The disproportion of the difficult sentences related to"si"in Guoyu in the past dynasties is related to the difficult understanding of the semantic role of"si".Based on the context,historical facts and the comparison of different documents,a reanable explanation can be obtained.The sentence"si wu jun"(死吾君)in Guoyu can provide the traceability for the development and evolution of the sentence pattern of"Wang Mian si le fuqin"(王冕死了父親).
作者
沈基松
姜露露
Shen Jisong;Jiang Lulu
出处
《汉语史研究集刊》
2020年第2期21-36,共16页
Studies on the History of Chinese Language
基金
山東省社會科學規劃項目“《國語》與《左傳》動詞比較研究——兼及兩書的關係”(16CZWJ43)
山東省研究生教育創新計劃項目“語言學及應用語言學專業碩士研究生複合型人才培養研究與實踐”(SDYY16080)
关键词
《國語》
謂語動詞
“死”
句法功能
語義角色
Guoyu(《國語》)
predicate verb
“Si”(死)
syntactic function
semantic role
