漢語鐘點類時間詞的更替及語體對立的形成

The Replacement of Chinese Hourly Time Words and the Formation of Their Stylistic Opposition

本文考察清末以來漢語鐘點類時點詞"點鐘_(1)、點_(1)、時_(1)"等和時段詞"點鐘_(2)、鐘頭、小時"等的消長更替情況,著重關注不同語體中更替進程的差異,並對更替原因加以分析。指出時點詞和時段詞從合用一詞到分用兩組詞,經歷了"第一次分類"的變化;口語、書面語從合用一詞到分用二詞,從語體不分到語體對立;新時期,時段詞的語體對立趨於消失。

This article examines the replacement of Chinese hourly time-point words"dianzhong_(1),dian_(1),shi_(1)"and time-period words"dianzhong_(2),zhongtou,xiaoshi"since the Late Qing Dynasty.It focuses on differences in replacement processes in different styles and analyzes the reasons for the replacement.It points out that the time-point words and time-period words have undergone the"first classification"change from using one word to using two groups of words.Spoken and written language changed from using one word to using two words,as the styles of these words have changed from unitary to opposite.In the new period,the stylistic opposition of the time-period words nearly disappear.