《詩經》“有酒湑我,無酒酤我”及相關問題考辨

Analysis of the Verse "Drink Good Wine If You Could,Or O’ernight Brew Will Do."(有酒湑我,無酒酤我) in Book of Poetry(《詩經》) and Its Related Questions

《詩經·小雅·伐木》"有酒湑我,無酒酤我",毛傳:"湑,莤之也。酤,一宿酒也。"鄭箋:"酤,買也。"根據殘本《玉篇》所引,今毛傳"莤之也"當為"酋酒也"之誤。酋酒,久釀精熟之酒,醇酒。"湑"、"酤"對言,"酤"義當從毛傳,釋作"一宿酒"。《說文》"湑,酋酒也,一曰浚也","酋酒"亦當作"酋酒",凡文獻當訓"湑"為泲酒者,取自一曰義。辭書釋"莤酒"為"用器物漉酒以去糟"皆承襲舊誤,不能成立。

About the verse"Drink Good Wine If You Could,Or O’ernight Brew Will Do."(有酒渭我,無酒酤我)in Book of Poetry·Book of Odes·Friendship and Kinship(《詩經·小雅·伐木》),Mao Heng and Mao Chang noted in Annotations of Mao that"’Xu’(湑)means’to filter’(茜之)and’Gu’(酷)means‘One night-Liquor’(一宿酒)".Later,Zheng Xuan noted that"‘Gu’(酤)means‘to buy’."However,according to references with remnant volume of Yupian(《玉篇》殘卷),the sentence"‘Xu’(湑)means‘to filter’(茜之)"in Annotations of Mao of the current version should be a miswriting of the original text"‘Xu’(湑)means‘fermented wine’(酋酒)"."Fermented wine"(酋酒)is the wine has fermented with a long time,which means good wine.In my opinion,as the antithesis of"Xu"(湑)in the verse,"Gu"(酤)should mean"One nightLiquor"just as noted in Annotations of Mao.And we can see it in Shuowen-Jiezi(《說文解字》)that"‘Xu’(湑)means‘Su wine’(茜酒),and sometimes means‘to filter’(浚)",also,to my mind,"Su wine"(茜酒)should be a miswriting of"fermented wine"(酋酒);meanwhile,when it comes to"Xu"(湑)in all those classical documents,the meaning of"filter the wine"(滤酒)should be referenced to the words"and sometimes means’to filter’(浚)"in(《說文解字》).And,no matter where dictionaries explain"Su wine"(茜酒)as"to filter the vinasse out of the wine by utensils"are continuing and developing the mistakes people once made.