《孟子集注》的注音特色——和《孟子音義》比較為中心

The Features of Zhuyin inMengzi Jizhu(《孟子集注》)——Focus on the comparison with Mengzi Yinyi(《孟子音義》)

《孟子集注》中的注音絕大部分來源於《孟子音義》,除了繼承《孟子音羲》的直音和反切,朱熹還大量採用標調的方法給詞注音,這種改動源於標調兼具注音和释羲功能。此外,《孟子集注》也對《孟子音羲》的直音、反切做出了更改,包括兩種情況:一,用新的直音改《孟子音羲》的直音或反切;二,用新的反切改《孟子音羲》的反切。朱熹對直音的改动除了反映語音發展變化外,更多是為了釋羲的需要;對反切的改動,單音詞多採用和前代经注释羲相同的反切,多音詞則選用和释羲相關的反切,另有一些改動和時音或語音發展變化有關。同一讀音如果有多個反切,且這些反切都有文獻依據時,朱熹會盡量避免歧音,或選擇開合、洪細、聲調一致的反切,表現了其審音的能力。

Most of Zhuyin in Mengzi Jizhu(《孟子集注》)come from Mengzi Yinyi(《孟子音義》),except to inheriting the methods and substance of Zhiyin(直音)and Fanqie(反切),ZhuXi(朱熹)also uses different tones to mark voice of the lots of words,because they can hint the meaning as well as the voice of the word.On the other hand,Mengzi Jizhu changes some of Zhuyin in Mengzi Yinyi,including two aspects:Firstly,ZhuXi chooses different Zhiyin-character(直音字) to change the old one or the method of Fanqie,secondly,he chooses different Fanqie-character(反切字) to change the old one.The reform of Zhiyin,excetpt to the development of the specch,he does this for the need to explain the meaning of the word with the new Zhiyin-Character(直音字).The reform of Fanqie,excetpt to the Fanqie which has the same meaning in other exegesis classics or hinting the meaning of the polyphonic words,others reflect the separation and combination of voice part and the Chinese pronunciation in the Song Dynasty.Zhu Xi chooses the special Fanqie due to the criteria:preventing the polyphone disambiguation,or balancing the kai(開) and he(合),hong(洪) and xi(細)or the tone(聲調) between the first character and the second one of the Fanqie when the word has some Fanqie and each one has solid literature basis,and this reflects his ability of checking and comparing pronunciations.