從本校到理校:段玉裁《汲古閣說文訂》及其在《說文》學史的影響

From Version Correction toLinguistic:On the Achievement and Influence of Duan Yucai’s Jiguge Shuowen Ding

段玉裁的《説文解字》研究,貫穿其治學的一生。從乾隆末年的《説文解字讀》稿本,到嘉慶二年《汲古閣説文訂》,再到嘉慶二十年梓行的《説文解字注》,集中反映出段玉裁《説文》研究的前後發展。其中,《汲古閣説文訂》以版本校勘爲基礎,梳理了大徐本《説文解字》和小徐本《説文解字繫傳》的版本源流和異文面貌,奠定了段玉裁《説文解字注》的學術基礎。時至今日,段玉裁當時採用的校本,大多下落不明,學界曾對個别校本的性質及真僞提出質疑。論文逐一考訂了《汲古閣説文訂》所採校本的版本性質和遞藏源流,分析《汲古閣説文訂》的校勘成就與失誤,並由此探討段玉裁《汲古閣説文訂》的學術貢獻及其在清代中後期《説文》學史上的影響和作用。

Duan Yucai has been engaged in the study of Shuowen Jiezi all his life.He has successively completed a series of works such as Shuowen Jiezi Du,Jiguge Shuowen Ding and Shuowen Jiezi Zhu.Among all these works,Jiguge Shuowen Ding is based on edition collation.It describes the different features between Daxu edition and Xiaoxu edition,clarifies the source of each edition,which lays the academic foundation of Duan Yucai’s Shuowen Jiezi Zhu.Duan’s research also influenced the study of Shuowen during the Qianjia period in Qing Dynasty.This paper examines all Duan’s school-based edition,analyses the achievements and mistakes in the collation of Jiguge Shuowen Ding.