“■箜”源流考——兼谈方言名物词的探源问题

A Textual Research on the Origin and Development of Jikong(■箜)in Wu Dialect——Also on the Research on the Origin of the Noun Words in Dialects

吴语、徽语中多称针线筐为“■箜(篮)”,写法不一。在前人研究的基础上,综合考察明清以来的方言文献材料和古今音义关系,发现该词本字为“■■”。“■”指绩好的苎麻线,又写作“■”。“■”指竹篮,该义项来源于“■笼”。“■■”如今主要保留在吴语、徽语、闽北方言中。在考辨方言名物词源流的过程中,应该综合语音规律、文献资料与实物资料等多重证据,方能将中断的词源重新接续起来。

In Wu dialect and Hui dialect,the needle and thread basket is often referred to as“Jikong(basket)”(■箜篮),which is written in different ways.A comprehensive investigation of the dialect literature materials since the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the relationship between ancient and modern sounds and meanings,we can find that the word is written as“■箜”.“Ji”(■)refers to good-quality ramie thread.“Kong”(箜)refers to.bamboo basket,and its original word is“■”The bamboo basket meaning of“Qiong”(■)is derived from“Qionglong”(■笼).“Qionglong”(■笼)is now mainly reserved in Wu dia-lect,Hui dialect,and northern Fujian dialect.In the process of identifying the etymology of dialect names,multiple evidences such as phonetic rules,literature data,and physical data should be integrated to reconnect the interrupted etymology.