“手段”考源——兼论“手段”义场的词义演变

Textual Research on the Source of“Shou Duan(手段)”——Also on the Semantic Evolution of the Meaning Field of“Shou Duan(手段)”

“手段”是汉语中的一个常用词,但其构词模式及理据至今无人谈及,现有词义的来源也不清晰。我们结合现代汉语及方言、日语中相关语料,借助词例的理论,构建出手臂义“手”素词、手腕义“手”素词的主要构词模式,前者突出长条形特征,后者突显位置与功用,对比分析出“手段”“手条”“手管”“手把子”最初偏向指手臂,相邻引申出手腕义,由此引申出方法、本领等一系列含义,完整勾勒出“手段”义场的词义引申轨迹及其以“功能”为强势取象特征、“位置”为次要取象特征的转喻机制。

The word“shou duan(手段)”is a commonly used word in Chinese,but its word formation pattern and rationale have not been discussed so far,and the source of the existing word meaning is not clear.We combined modern Chinese and dialects,Japanese related corpus,and used the way of“ci li(词例)”to construct the main word formation patterns of the arm meaning“hand”prime and the wrist meaning“hand”prime.The former highlights the external features,while the latter highlights the position and function,the“shou duan(手段)”,“shou tiao(手条)”,“shou guan(手管)”and“shou ba zi(手把子)”were initially analyzed and biased toward the arms,and extended the meaning of the wrist and others,concluded the extension of the meaning of“手段”meaning field,and summarized its metonymy mechanism with“function”as the main image taking feature and“position”as the secondary image-taking feature.