“合式”“合适”的成词理据及历时替换

Lexical Motivation and Diachronic Substitution of“Heshi(合式)”and“Heshi(合适)”

从来源看,“合式”与“合适”是两个不同的词。“合式”最初为动宾短语,表示“符合规格、程式”。由于词义泛化和句法位置的改变,在清代中期,“合式”词汇化为形容词,表示“符合主客观要求”义。“合适”成词于明代初期,它由两个同义语素复合而成,表示“符合主客观要求”义,与“合式”是同义词。由于“合”为“合式”与“合适”的语义重心,二词又分别衍生出“合意、中意”“合得来、关系好”义。在民国时期,“合适”逐渐取代“合式”,成为“符合主客观要求”的主要词形,而“合意、中意”“合得来、关系好”义则在现代汉语方言中有所保留。

The sources of“heshi(合式)”and“heshi(合适)”are different.“Heshi(合式)”was a verb-object phrase initially,which meant“conforming to specifications and procedures”.In the middle of the Qing Dytasty,“heshi(合式)”was transformed into an adjective,which signified“conforming to the subjective and objective requirements”due to the generalization of the meaning and the change of syntactic position of“heshi(合式)”.In.the middle of the Ming Dynasty,“heshi(合适)”is a word with co-ordinate structure which signified“conforming to the subjective and objective requirements”,it synonymous with“heshi(合式)”。“Heshi(合式)”and“heshi(合适)”also derived the meaning of“satisfaction”and“good relationship”,because both of them with“he(合)”,which is the semantic focus.In the Republican period,“Heshi(合适)”graually replaced“Heshi(合式)”and became the main word form of“conforming to the subjective and objective requirements”,while the meaning of“stisfactio”and“good relationship”were rserved in some dialects.