汉语虚义助动词“为”的来源及发展

On the Origin and Development of Chinese Virtual Auxiliary Verb Wei(为)

汉语虚义助动词“为”来源于带动词宾语的泛义动词“为”,并进一步发展为被动标记。其形成发展与系列的构式演变有关:为_行O_(普通N)→为O_(V→N事件)→为_(次)V_(核)→为_(被动)V_(核)→为_(被动)N_(施)V_(核)。“为”也经历了“行为动词→泛义动词→虚义助动词→被动标记”的发展过程。构式的压制使动词进入构式之中充当“为”的宾语,进入构式的动宾短语阻断压制,并使“为”变成虚义助动词,“为_(次)V_(核)”用于受事主语句后,“为”吸收句子的被动义演变为被动标记。

The virtual auxiliary verb Wei(为)in Chinese originated from the generalized verb Wei(为)with predicate object,and further developed into a passive marker.Its formation and development were related to a series of construction evolution:Wei(为)_(act)O_(OrdinanN)→Wei(为)O_(v-N(event))→Wei(为)_(non-core)V_(core)→Wei(为)_(pessive)V_(core)→Wei(为)_(pssive)N_(agent)V_(core).Wei(为)also experienced the development process of action verb-+generalized verb→virtual auxiliary verb→passive marker.The coercion of construction made the verb act as the object of Wei(为),the verb-object phrase of the object blocked the coercion,and made Wei(为)become a virtual auxiliary verb.When Wei(为)_(non-core)V_(core)was used in the subject sentence,Wei(为)absorbed the passive meaning of the sentence and became a passive marker.