岐周方音在安大簡《關雎》中的遺存——關於教通芼或覒的解釋

Remnants of the Qizhou Dialect in the Guan Ju(關雎)of the Anda Bamboo Slips:An Interpretation of芼or覒Borrowed as教

《毛詩·關雎》第三章中的芼字,《韓詩》作覒,安大簡作"教"。"教"與"■"皆見於殷商甲骨文,"■"又見於岐周故地出土的散盤銘文。《説文》視"教"與"■"爲一字,《集韻》記載了"■"有北角切一音。在古音系統中時見幫紐與明紐相互交替的現象,由北角切上溯"■"與"教"之古音,可以推定在先秦時期的岐周方音中,"■"與"教"屬明紐字或帶鼻冠音,故可與《毛詩》《韓詩》中從毛聲的芼或覒通假。

The character ■ in chapter three of Guan Ju in Mao Shi is written in Han Shi as 覒 and in Anda bamboo slips as 教.Both ■ and ■ are found in the Yin-Shang oracle bones and ■ is also found in the inscriptions on San plate unearthed in the Qizhou.The Shuowen treats ■ and ■ as one character,and the Jiyun records that ■ has the fanqie of beijiao.The phenomenon of alternation between the initial bang and Ming exists in the ancient phonetic system.It can be assumed that the initial of ■ and 教 in the Qizhou dialect of the pre-Qin period is Ming or belongs to the pre-nasal sounds.Therefore,they can be written as 芼 or 覒 in the Mao Shi and Han Shi.