早期寧波話動詞和動詞短語帶受事的詞序研究

Study of Word Order of the Phrase Consisting of V or VP and Patient in Early Ningpo Dialect

早期(即19世紀下半葉)寧波話語料表明,寧波話V或VP帶受事的詞序類型具有多樣性,詞序類型與VP的結構相關。光杆動詞帶受事雖出現受事前置式,但仍以VO式爲基本詞序類型;動詞短語帶受事時,若受事爲代詞,用VO式,若爲指量名NP則只允許前置,若爲光杆名詞則以前置爲優勢,前置的受事其指稱義不受限,不過,也並存使用"PatV其X"(即VO和PatVX的雜糅式)。這些詞序類型表明寧波話動詞短語詞序類型的演變過程爲"VO(X)>(PatV其X>)PatV(X)"。而早期寧波話和上海話平行語料的對比表明,二者動詞短語詞序類型的差異與其小句語序類型上的差異具有一致性,這也表明吴語受事類話題和前置賓語都爲句法性成分,而非語用現象。

The data in Ningpo dialect more than one hundred years ago show us that there are more than one kind of word order of the phrase consisting of Verb or Verb phrase and patient,the basic word order depends on construction of VP.Word order VO is dominant when the bare verb is followed by the patient although the patient can be fronted occasionally;As for non-bare verb,the word order is determined by the patient.If the patient is pronoun,VO is the only kind of word order,the patient can only occupy the pre-verbal position when it is the phrase of Dem+Num+N.If the patient is bare noun,regardless of its referentiality,it appears predominently in the pre-verbal position including the word order of“PatV其X”,which is the mixed type of word order“VO”and“PatVX”.All these types of word order indicate that the word order of VP in Ningpo dialect maybe is undergoing the historical evolution process from VO(X)to Pat VX.By comparison of word order of VP of Shanghai dialect,we find that the difference of word order of VP between Shanghai dialect and Ningpo dialect is consistent with that of word order of clause.This bears out that the topic and the preverbal object are both the syntactic constituents not driven by pragmatic factors.