清末民初山東官話文獻的羅馬字拼音方案

The Romanization Systems of Shandong Mandarin Documents in late Qing and early Republic

19世紀80年代德國天主教聖言會傳教士到山東南部傳教,逐漸形成以兖州爲中心的魯南代牧區。實際上,早在19世紀60年代,屬於基督教新教的美北長老會已經派出傳教士到魯東登州一帶傳教。我們現在所能見到的清末民初山東官話文獻,涉及魯南、魯東的多處方言,編寫者主要就是德國聖言會和美北長老會的傳教士、漢學家,這些文獻包含了辭書、民間故事集、教材、方言著作等不同體裁。本文利用這些文獻中的羅馬字注音材料,分别歸納德式拼音方案和美式拼音方案所反映的多處山東方言的語音系統,以此透視相關方言的語音特點。

In the 1880 s,the German S.V.D(Societas Verbi Divini)Missionaries went to southern Shandong to preach,and gradually set up the Apostolic Vicariate of Southern Shandong centered on Yanzhou.As early as the 1860 s,the North American Presbyterian Church,which belongs to Protestant Christianity,had sent missionaries to Dengzhou which is in Eastern Shandong.After the German occupation of Qingdao in 1898,Christianity developed rapidly with the urbanization of Qingdao and Qingdao became the missionary center of the surrounding area.The Shandong Mandarin documents in late Qing and early Republic that we can see now involve multiple prescriptions in southern Shandong and eastern Shandong.The authors are mainly missionaries and sinologists of the German S.V.D and North American Presbyterian Church.These documents include dictionaries and folk stories,textbooks,dialectal works,and other genres.This paper tries to summarize the phonetic systems of the Shandong dialects by the diverse German-style or American-style romanization and tries to explore the phonetic characteristics of the relevant dialects.