基於合韻理論的古韻排序及音值構擬相關問題

Problems Related to the Ancient Rhymes Order and Reconstruction Based on the Theory of Heyun

合韻是一種異部合用現象,也特指鄰韻相協。它是衡量古韻關係的重要標準,也是排定韻序和構擬音值的内在依據。面對周秦韻文中的異部通押現象,清儒段玉裁首倡"古合韻"説,細繹六類十七部排序理據。合韻的義例也在江有誥等古音學家們的不懈推闡下日臻完善,遂令古韻關係愈加精審。王力將合韻理論與現代審音工具相結合,圍繞着"陰入陽的對應和擬測""十一類間的次序修訂"這兩個層面依次展開,對先秦古韻的排序、擬音等問題進行了重新審視和反復修訂。直至《同源字典》摒棄了綫型韻部序列,首次以二維平面直觀展示三大類間的多重關係,方始達成韻序與音值的完全統一。這亦可視爲王力對古韻格局的最終總結。

Heyun(合韵)is a phenomenon of rhyming two words in different rhyme parts,especially in adjacent rhyme parts.It is not only an important standard to measure the relationship between ancient rhymes,but also an internal basis for arranging rhyme order and reconstructing ancient phonetic system.Based on this phenomenon in pre Qin’s verse,Duan Yucai in Qing Dynasty initiated the theory of Heyun and analyzed the order of six categories and seventeen rhyme parts.With the unremitting efforts of ancient phonologists,such as Jiang Yougao,the rules of Heyun have been improved day by day,which makes the relationship between ancient rhymes more refined.Wang Li combined the Heyun theory with modern phonetic tools,and focused on the two aspects of"correspondence between yin,ru and Yang"and"the order of eleven categories",revised the relevant conclusions repeatedly.It was not until Tongyuan Zidian(同源字典)abandoned the linear rhyme order and displayed the multiple relationships among the three categories in a twodimensional plane for the first time that ancient rhyme order and reconstruction were completely unified.This can also be regarded as Wang Li’s final summary of the ancient rhyme pattern.