“貧道”考

On Pin Dao(貧道)

"貧道"是漢語宗教詞彙,佛道兩教合用。中古時期是僧人對世俗人的自稱,至禪宗發展壯大後,晚唐開始僧團内部也以此自稱。在具體使用中,因爲文獻性質和内容的不同,使用比例也有差異。南北朝時期雖然規定僧人在帝王面前不能自稱"貧道",但事實上並没有嚴格遵循。隨着佛教徒專用自稱"貧僧"的出現,"貧道"在元代開始佛道分家。作爲出家人的自稱,"貧道"並没有性别限定,男女都可以使用。

"Pin Dao"is a Chinese religious vocabulary,a contract between Buddhism and Taoism.In the middle ancient times,monks claimed themselves to be secular people.After the development of Zen,the monks began to claim themselves in the late Tang Dynasty.In the specific use,because of the different nature and content of the literature,the use proportion was also different.In the northern and Southern Dynasties,although it was stipulated that monks could not call themselves"Pin Dao"in front of the emperor,in fact,they did not strictly follow it.With the emergence of Buddhists calling themselves"PinSeng",it began to separate Buddhism and Taoism in the Yuan Dynasty.As a self-addressing termof monk,the"Pin Dao"has no gender limit and can be used by both men and women.