動詞的情狀類型與句法格式

Situation Types and Syntactic Structures of Ancient Chinese Verbs

哪些動詞能處於哪些句法格式,這和動詞的情狀類型有關。屬於"動作-狀態"情狀類型的動詞,分爲(A)(B)兩類,(A)類突出動作,(B)類突出狀態。一般來説,(A)類動詞可作反賓爲主式的謂語,(B)類動詞發展到後來可作動結式的補語,但具體情况比較複雜。本文對"斷""破""傷"三個詞的歷史演變作了分析。

The situation type is an important factor that determines the syntactic structure of a verb.Verbs of the situation type"activity-state"are divided into two categories:those focusing on activity and those focusing on state.Generally speaking,the former can be used as the predicate of patient-subject construction and the latter has evolved to be the complement of resultative construction.Nevertheless,the actual cases are more complicated.In this article the historical evolution of three verbs,"duan(斷)""po(破)"and"shang(傷)",are analyzed to discuss the issue.