從核心義談“陶”的義位聯繫

On the Relations between Various Senses of Polysemous Word tao(陶) from the Perspective of Core Meaning

核心義是本義中所藴含的特徵義,制約一個詞大多數義項的發展,是各義位間一以貫之的聯結紐帶。本義以"陶"爲例,將它的義項歸爲三類:一是本義及其相關延伸義;二是由特徵産生的核心義,包括形狀特徵義、過程特徵義和功用特徵義等;三是音近假借義。同時也討論了近義或類義詞的同步引申、同步構詞以及比喻在漢語詞義發展中的作用等相關問題。

Core meaning,the characteristic sense abstracted from the original meaning,governs and restricts the development of various senses of the polysemous word.This paper discusses the various senses of the word tao(陶),which are divided into three categories:first,the original meaning and its extensions;second,the core meaning related to semantic features,including characteristics of shape,process and function;third,loaned meanings.Meantime,the issues of synchronous extension,synchronous word-formation and the function of metaphor in the extension of word meaning are also discussed.