文本比較視域下的清末民初粵語句式考察——以《粤音指南》《訂正粤音指南》爲中心

A Text Comparative Study on the Syntax of Cantonese in the Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic Period:Focused on The Guide to Cantonese and The Revised Guide to Cantonese

本文以《粤音指南》《訂正粤音指南》及其對譯原始官話材料《官話指南》中反復問句、施受關係句、比較句、雙賓句、述補結構的表達爲核心,以當時的官話句式類型爲比較對象,專題考察清末民初粤語的主要句式面貌特徵。从文獻看,清末民初粤語句式表達,較多保存了中古時期或漢語早期傳統的用法,如反復問句用"VP-Neg";表達施受關係,"SVO"語序占主導;比較句用"比較主體+比較結果+比較詞("過")+比較客體"的語序;動詞帶雙賓語時,主要使用"V_(1)O_(1)+V_(2)O_(2)"結構;動補結構以"唔VC"式占主流。地域因素是語言演變過程中的一種制約因素。

This paper focuses on the syntactical expressions of yes-no questions,agentrecipient relationship,comparison construction,ditransitive sentences and the verb-complement structures in The Guide to Cantonese,The Revised Guide to Cantonese and the original Mandarin material The Guide to Kuan Hua.Compared with Mandarin and also takes the syntactic expressions in The Guide to Tu Hua and The Guide to Hu Yu as reference,this thesis studies on the syntactical features of Cantonese in the end of Qing Dynasty.It is pointed out that,the syntactic expression of Cantonese at that time have preserved the traditional usage in the Middle Ancient Chinese or before.In details,the"VP-Neg"structure is used in yes-no questions,the"SVO"word order predominates in agent-recipient relationship,the word order"comparative subject+comparison result+comparative word(‘to’)+comparative object"is used in comparison construction,the"V1 O1+V2 O2"structure is mainly shown in the sentence with verb following by two objects,the structure of"wu(唔)VC"is dominated in the verb-complement structures.All in all,the regional is a vital restrictive factor in the language evolution.