“罪過”向會話程式語的語用化

The Pragmaticalization of “Zuiguo(罪過)” to a Conversational Routine

"罪過"在現代漢語方言中的用法較爲複雜。本文考察"罪過"的請求語、感謝語、道歉語、自謙語這四種用法的歷史形成。考察發現,"罪過"經歷了如下演變:名詞"罪過"→形容詞"罪過"→[道歉語]猶"對不起"→[請求語]猶"勞駕/拜托";名詞"罪過"→[自責語]猶"有罪/該死"→[謙辭]猶"愧不敢當"→[感謝語]猶"謝謝"。"罪過"這四種用法形成的動因、機制是概念轉喻[以手段代目的]。

In modern Chinese dialect,the usage of"Zuiguo(罪過)"is very complicated.This paper addresses the development of its use as a conversational routine to perform requesting,thanking,apology or self-depreciating.The result of investigation concerned shows that"Zuiguo(罪過)"experienced the following grammatical and semantic change:Noun meaning’sin or fault’→Adjective meaning’guilty’→Apology expression meaning’(I am)sorry’→Requesting expression meaning’Excuse me’or’Please’;Noun meaning’sin or fault’→Self-blaming expression meaning’it is all my fault’→self-depreciatingmeaning’I really don’t deserve such an honour(or benefit)’→thanking expression meaning’thanks’.The emergence of the four uses of"Zuiguo(罪過)",i.e.to constitute a request expression,apology expression,thanking expression and self-depreciating,is motivated by the conceptual metonymy[(Seeing)PURPOSE AS A MEANS].