明清汴洛地區“他”音考

The Phonetic Examination of Ta(他)in the Bian-Luo(汴洛)Area in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

汴洛現代方言高頻詞"他"僅有麻韻一讀。然明中後期河南桑紹良《青郊雜著》韻圖顯示,該字却存在歌、麻兩讀。明末歌韻讀法在汴洛地區還通行於口語,至清初又發生了由圓唇元音至不圓唇元音的轉讀即有合開口兩讀。這被記録於吕坤《交泰韻》和李子金《書學慎餘》兩書中。這種歌、麻兩音並行一直持續到清末,崔鴻達《音韻六書指南》對此有載。自清中葉"他"字麻韻讀法在汴洛地區始占優勢,最終於民國初年取代歌韻而獨行天下。

High frequency words Ta(他)of modern dialect of Bian-Luo(汴洛)only has one pronuncaition of Ma rhyme(麻韻).However,the rhyme table of Qing jiao za zhu(青郊雜著)written by Henan(河南)province Sang Shaoliang(桑紹良)in the middle and late Ming Dynasty,there are collection in two rhymes.At the end of the Ming Dynasty,the pronunciation of Ge rhyme(歌韻)was still colloquial in the Bian-Luo(汴洛)area.It happened again from rounded vowel become non rounded vowel in the early years of the Qing Dynasty.This phenomenon is recorded in Lu Kun’s Jiao tai yun(吕坤《交泰韻》)and Li Zijin’s Shu xue shen yu(李子金《書學慎餘》).This phenomenon existed until the end of the Qing Dynasty,This phenomenon is recorded by Cui Hongda’s Yin yun liu shu zhi nan(崔鴻達《音韻六書指南》).From the mid Qing Dynasty,the word Ta(他)pronunciation in Ma rhyme(麻韻)began to dominate in the Bian-Luo(汴洛)area,finally,the Ge rhyme(歌韻)was replaced the Ta(他)word in the early years of the Republic of China.