大连金沙滩小型底栖生物时空分布特征及影响因素

Spatiotemporal distribution pattern of meiofauna and its influencing factors in the Jinshatan Beach, Dalian

于2015年和2016年对大连金沙滩砂质潮间带进行了季节性的调查,对小型底栖生物及其所处的沉积环境进行了研究,探讨了小型底栖的丰度、生物量和群落的时空变化及其与环境变量的关系。结果表明,金沙滩砂质潮间带沉积物主要成分为极粗砂和粗砂,年平均叶绿素a (Chl-a)质量比为0.99μg/g±1.44μg/g,年平均有机碳质量分数为0.38%±0.56%;共鉴定小型底栖生物类群15个,优势类群为海洋线虫类与底栖桡足类(二者占总丰度72.82%);小型底栖生物年平均丰度为42.52个/cm^2±42.91个/cm^2,呈现明显的季节变化和潮区差异,季节变化趋势为3月>10月>7月>12月,潮区变化趋势为高潮带>中潮带>低潮带;年平均生物量为87.00μg/cm^2±85.32μg/cm^2,季节变化趋势为10月>7月>3月>12月,潮区间也存在显著差异。小型底栖生物的类群组成在季节间具有极显著差异。BIOENV分析表明,间隙水盐度、极粗砂质量比和有机碳质量分数的组合能最好地解释金沙滩小型底栖生物群落的时空分布。研究结果可为砂质滩小型底栖生物的研究提供基础数据,也可为全球气候变化背景下砂质潮间带的保护、开发和利用提供科学依据。

In 2015 and 2016, a seasonal survey was conducted on the intertidal meiofauna and its sedimentary environment in the Jinshatan Beach, Dalian. The spatiotemporal distribution of meiofaunal abundance, biomass, the community structure, and the influencing environmental factors were investigated. The results demonstrated that the primary components of the sediment included very coarse sand and coarse sand. The annual average content of chlorophyll-a was 0.99 μg/g ± 1.44 μg/g, and the annual average organic matter content was 0.38% ± 0.56%. A total of 15 meiofaunal groups were identified in this survey. The most dominant groups included nematodes and copepods, constituting 72.82% of the total abundance. The average meiofaunal abundance and biomass content were 42.52 ind/cm^2± 42.91 ind/cm^2 and 87.00 μg/cm^2± 85.32 μg/cm^2, respectively. The meiofaunal abundance exhibited seasonal differences, ranking in the order spring > autumn > summer > winter. The meiofaunal abundance also varied horizontally, ranking as high tide zone > middle tide zone > low tide zone. The meiofaunal biomass showed seasonal variations, ranking in the order autumn > summer > spring > winter, and the difference among the tidal zones was also significant. A significant seasonal difference was observed in the meiofaunal community. These temporal and spatial distributions of the meiofaunal community structure are likely caused by the combination of interstitial water salinity, coarse sand content, and organic matter content according to the BIOENV analysis. The results of this survey can provide basic data for further research on interstitial meiofauna and a scientific basis for the protection, exploitation, and utilization of sandy intertidal zones under the background of global climate change.