基于选择实验法的海水浴场旅游环境承载力评价

Evaluation of tourism environmental carrying capacity of bathing beaches based on choice experiment

承载力是有效衡量旅游环境可持续利用状况的重要依据。从旅游者体验效用最大化视角出发,构建基于不同海洋环境属性及其水平的旅游环境承载力理论分析框架,并以青岛市9处代表性海水浴场为调研区域,采用选择实验法,判别旅游者对海洋环境属性水平变化的敏感程度及其支付意愿,作为旅游者体验效用的表征依据,以此对旅游环境承载状态进行识别、调控与管理。研究发现:海水浴场水质、服务设施数量、海滩垃圾数量和游客拥挤程度环境属性均对旅游者体验效用具有显著影响;旅游者对海滩垃圾数量、游客拥挤程度基准水平的支付意愿为负,表现为较低的体验效用,这两个环境属性水平下海水浴场旅游环境呈现超载状态;旅游者对海洋环境属性基准水平组合下的海水浴场旅游环境状况较为满意,其支付意愿为正,表现为较高的体验效用,但在实现旅游者体验效用最大化的目标下,当前海水浴场旅游环境承载的能力尚有较大提升空间。研究结论能够为我国沿海地区旅游环境可持续管理提供一定的理论依据和决策参考。

Carrying capacity is an important basis to effectively measure the sustainable utilization of coastal tourism resources and the environment.In this study,we established a tourism environmental carrying capacity theoretical analysis framework based on experience utility maximization theory and different levels of coastal environment attributes.With 9 representative bathing beaches in Qingdao as the research area,in this study,we adapted choice experiment and conditional logit model to judge the tourists’environment attributes preference and their willingness to pay.As the basis of tourists’experience utility,it can identify,regulate and manage the state of tourism environmental carrying capacity.The results showed that the water quality,number of service facilities,amount of garbage and tourist quantity of bathing beaches all have significant impacts on tourists’experience utility.Tourists’willingness to pay for the current level of the amount of garbage and tourist quantity of the bathing beaches is negative,and characterized by a low experience utility.So,the coastal tourism environment is overloaded.Besides,tourists’willingness to pay for the current level of the group of different coastal environment attributes is positive,and characterized by a high experience utility.However,under the goal of experience utility maximization,it still has space to improve.The conclusion can provide a theoretical basis and some decision-making references for the sustainable management of coastal tourism environment in China.