添加复合酶制剂和复合菌制剂对凡纳滨对虾免疫指标、抗病力以及肠道和肝胰腺健康的影响

Effects of dietary compound enzyme preparation and compound probiotics preparation on growth,immunology,Intestinal and Liver health of Litopenaeus vannamei

本实验以初始体重(2.05±0.05)g凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)为实验对象,通过为期45 d饲喂添加不同微生态制剂的对虾饲料,研究不同微生态制剂对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长、免疫和肝肠健康的影响。此后,对凡纳滨对虾进行副溶血弧菌攻毒实验,统计15 d内死亡率。分别设计了1个对照组和3个处理组,其中,A为对照组,投喂基础饲料;B为基础饲料+酶制剂(消化酶和非淀粉多糖酶等复合酶);C为基础饲料+复合菌制剂组(复合菌由嗜酸乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母和粪链球菌构成);D为基础饲料+复合菌酶制剂(主要由嗜酸乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母和粪链球菌复合菌与消化酶和非淀粉多糖酶等复合酶)。研究结果显示:(1)D组对虾的特定生长率最高,显著高于A组和B组(P<0.05);(2)D组对虾超氧化物歧化酶,酸性磷酸酶活性最高,显著高于其他组(P>0.05);(3)A组超氧化物歧化酶,碱性磷酸酶,酸性磷酸酶和溶菌酶活性均显著低于其他各组(P<0.05);(4)攻毒实验稳定后,A组凡纳滨对虾死亡率为80%,B、C、D组的死亡率分别为61%,45%和28%;(5)D组对虾肠道细胞游离面的微绒毛排列更为整齐、紧密,肝小管排列较为整齐,较为紧密,B细胞与R细胞数量均较为丰富。上述结果表明,饲料中添加合菌酶制剂较单独添加酶制剂和菌制剂更有利于对虾生长、免疫和肝肠健康。

A 45-day feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different compound probiotics on the growth,immunology,intestinal and liver health of litopenaeus vannamei(initial body weight,2.05±0.05 g).Then shrimp was challenged by vibrio parahaemolyticus,and the mortality of shrimp was calculated in 15 days.A control group and three treatments were designed.Among them,group A was the control group,which was fed only shrimp feed,and did not add any probiotics;group B contained the mixed compound enzyme preparation;group C contained the mixed compound probiotics preparation;group D contained the mixed of granular compound probiotics and enzyme preparation.Experiments were carried out in 400 L aquaculture tanks.Each treatment group was divided into 4 replicates.Research results showed(1)the specific growth rate of shrimp in the group D was the highest,which significantly higher than that in groups A and B(P<0.05).(2)The superoxide dismutase and acid phosphatase activity of shrimp were significantly higher in group D compared to other groups(P<0.05).(3)The superoxide dismutase,alkaline phosphatase,acid phosphatase,and lysozyme activity of shrimp were the lowest in the group A compared to other groups(P<0.05).(4)After changed by vibrio parahaemolyticus,the mortality of shrimp was 80%in group A,and 61%,45%,and 28%in B,C,and D groups,respectively.(5)The morphology of intestinal and liver cells of shrimp were more complete in group D,and the cells arranged orderly and tightly with full nucleus.These results indicated that the addition of probiotics and enzyme preparation in the feed were more beneficial to the growth,immunology,intestinal and liver health of L.vannamei than the dietary addition of probiotics or enzyme alone.