福建特色食品线面和面线中常见真菌毒素膳食暴露评估研究

Dietary exposure assessment of common mycotoxins in Fujian specialty noodles of xianmian and mianxian

目的了解福建特色食品线面和面线中常见真菌毒素污染情况及膳食暴露水平,为制定其地方标准真菌毒素的限量指标提供依据。方法用同位素内标稀释超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法,对2019年福建省内50份线面和面线中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)等16种常见真菌毒素进行检测,结合小麦粉及制品膳食消费量,重点对福建省居民膳食暴露DON进行点评估。结果DON是线面和面线中最重要的真菌毒素污染指标,50份样品全部检出DON,含量为21.0~1708μg/kg;雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(NIV)检出率为10.0%(5/50),含量为68.7~240μg/kg;玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)检出率为2.0%(1/50),含量为5.06μg/kg;其它均未检出;按GB 2761—2017规定DON超标率为10.0%(5/50);在福建省居民平均消费水平下,仍有5.0%的成人和10%的儿童摄入DON的量超过每日耐受摄入量(TDI);随着食物消费量的增加风险加大。在毒素污染水平P95下,按福建省平均摄入量评估,成人和儿童暴露量分别达到TDI的1.3倍和2.3倍。结论对福建省较高线面和面线消费量的人群,尤其儿童,长期摄入对健康将造成较高风险,须制定特殊膳食的DON及其衍生物限量指标。

Objective To assess the content of mycrotoxins in Fujian specialty noodles of xianmian or mianxian and to measure dietary exposure of mycrotoxins in Fujian population.The find of this study shall provide a basis for the development of local standardized mycotoxin limits.Methods Xianmian or mianxian that produced in 2019were purchased in the same year.Sixteen common mycrotoxins including deoxynivalenol(DON)were measured using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with stable isotope-labeled internal standards dillusion.Dietary exposure of DON was measured based on the average daily consumption level of wheat flour and its products in Fujian Province.Results DON was the most important contributor of mycotoxins contamination in mianxian and xianmian.DON was detected in all 50noodles samples,with contents ranging from 21.0to 1708μg/kg.The detection rate of nivalenol(NIV)was 10.0%(5/50),with contents ranging from 68.7to 240μg/kg.The detection rate of zearalenone(ZEN)was 2.0%(1/50),ant its content was 5.06μg/kg.None of other mycotoxins were detected.According to GB 2761-2017standard,the over standard rate of DON was 10.0%(5/50).Under the average consumption level of Fujian residents,5.0%of adults and 10%of children consumed DON above the tolerable daily intake(TDI).The risk of exceeding TDI increased with increasing food consumption.At the toxin contamination level of P95,the exposure of adults and children,assessed by the average intake in Fujian Province,amounted to 1.3and 2.3times of TDI,respectively.Conclusion For those who consume high levels of mianxian and xianmian in Fujian Province,especially children,long-term intake poses a high health risk.Special dietary limits for DON and its derivatives need to be established.